Usool e Hadees/Hadith aur Ilm e Hadees/Hadith

AHWAL-e-RAWI

Rawiyo ke Haalat, yani woh aadil hai ya Majrooh hai ya Majhool hai? jab tak iska ilm na hoga tab tak Hadees par sehat ya adm-e-sehat ka hukm nahi lagaya ja sakta.

SABAQ 38 Ruwwat ki Paidaish Wa Wafat aur Sheher wa watan ka ilm

SABAQ 38

Ruwwat ki Paidaish Wa Wafat aur Sheher wa watan ka ilm

Ruwaat ki Paidaish wa Wafat

Rawiyo ki Paidaish wa Wafat ka zamana ke ilm se us shakhs ke daawe ki asal haqeeqat malum hoti hai jo kisi sahabi ya tabaee se mulaqat karne ka daawa karta hai magar haqeeqatan nahi hota.

Ruwaat ke Sheher wa Watan ka ilm

Unke sheher wa watan ka ilm se do hum naam rawiyo ko unke apne sheher ki jaanib mansub kar dene se dusre se mumtaz hote hai aur shak ki gunzaish nahi hoti.

Tabqaat-e-Riwaat

Yani rawi Mudallis hai ya Gair Mudallis taki is Ilm se Riwayat ke معنعن hone par bhi sahi hukum Lagaya ja sake ki isme tadlees kiya gaya hai ya nahi

SABAQ 36 Muttafiq Wa Mutafarriq rawi

SABAQ 36

Muttafiq Wa Mutafarriq rawi

agar 2 Rawiyo ke naam, unke baap dada ke naam aur kunniyat aur nisbat bhi ek hon Lekin in dono Rawio ko shakshiyat alag ho. Tab Aise Rawiyo ko Muttafiq wa Mutafarriq rawi kaha jata hai.

Agar Aise kisi Rawi ka Zikr kisi sanad me hame milta hai to ham uska ta'ayyun is tarah karte hai ki mazkura sanad me wo rawi ka sheikh kaun hai aur uska shagird kaun hai? ya phir is detail ko same rawi ke naam me kutub e Rijal me check karenge ki usme bhi matluba rawi ke wohi sheikh aur wohi shagird ka naam diya ho. is tarah Rawi ka Ta'ayyun ho jayega.

SABAQ 35 Alfaz Adaa-e-Hadees

SABAQ 35

Alfaz Adaa-e-Hadees

1) سمعت و حدشنی

2) اخبرنی و قرات الیہ

3)کری الیہ و انا اسمع

4)انبانی

5)ناولنی

6)کتب الی بالاجازة

7)عن

isme سمعت rawi ki apne sheikh se Samaat ke liye sabse wajeh seegha hai aur yeh rawi ki tanha samaat par dalalat karta hai. jabki حدشنی me kabhi kabhi (5-6%) ehtemal hota hai ki Rawi ne Tadlees kiya ho. Lekin Amuman isko Sama par hi mehmool kiya jata hai.

Akhbarni ke maane bhi wajeh hai ki hame khabar di aur yeh bhi samaat ka seegha hai. 3)کری الیہ و انا اسمع 4) انبانی yeh bhi samaat ke seeghe hai.

5)ناولنی

Agar sheikh ne apne shagird ko apna asli Nuskha (Manuscript) dekar usse riwayat naqal karne ki ijazat de diya to ise مناولہ kehte hai aur jab aisi surat me rawi riwayat karta hai to ناولنی ka seegha istemal karta hai. Isme Riwayat ki do Sharte hoti hai.

Ustad apne Shagird ko Nuskha dete waqt yeh izajat de ki yeh fula shakhs se meri riwayate hain tum mujhse isko Riwayat karo.
Sheikh apne Shagird ko is Nuskhe ka Malik (Permanently) bana deta hai.

6)کتب الی بالاجازة

Agar is seeghe ke sath Riwayat Milti hai to yeh dekhna hoga ki us izajat ka koi saboot maujood hai ya nahi

7)عن

Lafz an ke baare me pahle bhi bataya ja chuka hai ki agar isse Riwayat karne wala Mudallis hai to Riwayat zaeef ho jayegi aur agar Gair Mudallis hai to isko sama par hi mehmul kiya jayega

SABAQ 34 Do Shakhson ka HamNaam wa Ham-Sifat Hona

SABAQ 34

Do Shakhson ka ham-naam wa ham-Sifat hona

Ek Rawi do Shakhso se riwayat karta ho aur dono ke baap aur dada ke naam bhi ek jaise ho, Dono ki Nisbat bhi ek ho aur unme Siafat se bhi Faraq na kiya ja sake, To aisi Surat me farq is tarah kiya jayega ki rawi ko jiski sohbat jyada hasil hogi wohi Murad liya jayega. Aur Agar Sohbat me bhi dono barabar ho to fie Qareena e Zann-e-Galib se Kaam liya jayega (yeh kaam Mohaqqiqeen ka hai). Dono me Farq karna us Waqt Zyada zaroori ho jata hai jab ek rawi zaeef aur ek Siqah ho. Baaqi Agar dono hi rawi siqah hai to fir koi bhi murad lijiye koi nuqsan nahi. Jaise Sahih Bukhari me Riwayat hai.

بخاری عن احمد عن ابن وھب

isme Ahmed ka koi ta'ayyun nahi hai yeh kaunse Ahmed hai. Isliye ya to yaha par Ahmad bin Saleh Murad Liya jaye ya fir Ahmed bin Eisa (dono Imam Bukhari ke sheikh mein se hai) kyunki Dono Siqah hai. Isliye agar farq na bhi ho sake to koi harj nahi. Isi Tarah ek aur Riwayat hai

بخاری عن محمد عن اھل العراق

isme bhi muhammad gair mansub hai. isliye yaha ya to Muhammad bin Salam Murad honge Ya Fir Muhammad bin yahya Zehli. Yeh dono bhi Siqah hai isliye imtiyaz naa karne par bhi koi harj nahi.

SABAQ 33 ULOO Mutlaq aur ULOO Nasabee

SABAQ 33

Sahih Sanad me Rijal ki tadad ke aitbar se kam ya Jyada aala hone ke baare me.

Yeh 2 Qism ke hote hai

1) Uloo Mutlaq علومطلق
2) Uloo Nasabee علو نسبی

1) Uloo Mutlaq علومطلق

Ek hi Hadees kai Isnaad se Nabi ﷺ tak Mutassil Sabit ho Magar unme se ek sanad ke Rijal Dusri Sanad ke Rijal se Kam hai (Yani Sanad Choti hai) to kam Rijal wali sanad Uloo Mutlaq Kehlayegi aur jyada Rijal wali sanad Nuzool Mutlaq Hogi (Yeh Khyal rahe ki Hadees Maujoo na ho)

2) Uloo Nasabee علو نسبی

Agar Imam e Hadees tak (Jisme Fuqahat, Zabt, Wagairah Sifat Maujood ho. Jaise Sho'ba, Malik, Sufiyan Sawri, Imam Shafaee, Imam Bukhari Etc.) ek hi Hadees ki Muta'addid Sanad ho aur ek sanad ke rijal Dusri Sanad ke Rijal se Kam hai to kam rawi wali sanad ko Nuzool Nasabi kaha jayega.